Wiji Ani Fitria
I'am an English Education Departemen student, in unikama. I like to write wether a short stories or an article. In the other hand, I also like to photo something beautiful. i like to see somthing beauty, wether it is human or nature. you can check it in instagram gallery, and my written work in this blog. Happy reading and looking good people, thanks for reading this short of mine.
Jumat, 12 Januari 2018
English Articles
Here, there are three topics related to English Education Department that might be used for your references. Thankyou
Four Competencies Of Professional Teachers
The success of educational
plans in each country depends on the educators armed with scientific
competencies and professional skills. Researchers in education have done many
researches to find out the competencies of a good teachers. Teacher need to
organize effective teaching-learning process so that student understand how to
learn and ulitize their knowlegde appropriately in their daily life and
society. Therefore, teachers need to develop and master some competencies in
accordance with the educational transfromation in practice as well as
professional activities (Surasak, 2013). There are four cmpetencies of a
professional teacher which shoul be mastered: proffesional competencies,
pedagogic competencies, social competencies, and personal competencies.
The first
competence is professional competence. Teacher have an important role in improving the
quality of education which are required to have the expertise, competence and
high professionalism for their duty (Mc Cully in Raka Joni,
2008).professionalism here means a conditions, directions, values, goals, and
quality of expertise and authority relating to a person’s livelihood. Kalbers
and Forgarty (1995) theorized five individual element of professionalism:
believe their work has an interest, comitted to the public good services, the
need for autonomy on the job requirements, support self-regulation for
their work, affiliation withe the profession members.
The second competence is pedagogical competence.
Pedagogical competence is competence related to the ability to manage student’s
learning, including: a) understanding of the learners, b) the design and
implementation of learning, c) evaluation of learning outcomes, and d)
development potential of learners (Directorate General of Higher Education
2006). Pedagogical competence can be grouped into two important parts: first,
how the teacher have the ability to manage learners. Second, how the teacher
have the ability to manage learning well. Both of these theoritically obtained
when the teacher study at school / college teacher in a few years (Nor, M. 2008).
Especially in classroom teaching-learning management which is the bigger part
that need teacher’s roles in establishing
a good teaching-learning climate. If the teacher obtained higher level of
curriculum and knowledge management, students’ learning achievement seamed to be
improved. It might be caused by the educational policy to enhance school quality
whereby school has to determine its focus to improve students’ learning through
excellent instructional management. This result was supported by Mana (2007)
who found that classroom management had positive effect of students’ quality.
Because teacher are considered as the most responsible side in educational
field, the improvement of pedagogical quality need to go through the process of
academic education (Abraham, 2008).
The next is social competencies. As social human being, a
teacher must be able to communicate with other parties including the learners.
The communication includes teacher relationship with the head master of the
school, fellow teachers, students’ parent and the society. As a person who
lives in the mid of community, teacher need to have the ability to blend with
the community. The blending ability must be owned by teacher, because if it is
not, the interaction will be stiff and the corresponding result is less
acceptable to the public. Chan, at al. (2005) assert that social competence,
which includes ethics, dedication, social skills, and experience is the
crystallization of a teacher professionalism, which was form within the family,
community and school. Because teacher is a role model for the learners, when
the teacher have the sufficient, emotional and spiritual aspect, learners need
to be introduced to the social intelligence, so they have a conscience, a sense
of caring, empathy and sympathy for others (Ministry of Education, 2007).
The last is personal competencies. As mentioned before,
teacher not only regarded as professionals, but also as individuals with civic
responsibilities and as the role models with a public educational function
which make it necessary that they be qualified in these area. Personal
competence or individual competence according to Joni (2008) needs special attentions , because most of the personality is not formed through direct
learning in the context of formal education, but most are formed as a result of
accumulated escort learning experience gained on preposition and previous
education are formed even in family environment. It is necessary therefore
personal competence observed with in-dept interview with mixed approach, while
others competence is approached quantitatively. In the study of
Bhargava & Pathy (2011) found that preferred teachers’ personal competencies of the students
are confidence, intelligence, friendliness, politeness and patience while the preferred
teachers’
personal competencies include knowledge of subject matter, effective
communication skills, punctuality,
being a disciplinarian and understanding the nature of child psychology. So, et al (1996) recognized the strong influence of
personal factors of student teacher in developing professional competence.
Before the students reach their student-teaching phase, their personal
qualities and professional should have been polished. In
this line of reasoning, teachers’
competencies are essential to improve the quality of the students.
In conclusion, the overall competency of the respondents
is good and totally needed to be a professional teacher. It can be interfered
that there is still a lot of room for improvement for teacher and that while in
the college, there is need to harness these competencies to be better prepared
in student teaching. The teacher should have a balance of the four competencies
above. In addition, teacher also need to conduct seminar or workshop in order
to improve teacher self-development. And the school administration should
assist teacher to develop their competencies in managing curriculum and
knowledge management, provide sufficient budget to support teacher to access
learning source, provide efficient staff development program and from
networking with other school teacher for sharing knowledge and self-development
purposes.
The Positive Effect of Direct and Indirect Corrective Feedback In ELT Students
Writing in the English language become the most difficult skill,
especially for EFL students to master because rarely has chance to write in English.
Sentences structure and grammar became the common error found in the students’
written works. In order to produce an error-free piece of English writing,
giving feedback is one of the fundamental approach that the teacher should give
to the students. In general feedback is
a specific information given to their learners related to the assignment or learning process. Hattie and Timperly (2007) assert feedbeck
aims to fill in the gap between what
the student understands at the time
and what is aimed to be finally understood. In writing classes, corrective feedback
is defined as a teacher’s indication given to students in order to let them know that their written work contains
errors (Lightbown & Spada, 1999). Providing corrective feedback in EFL can be delivered in
direct and indirect modes, and both of them can be in wtitten and oral forms. Basically
both modes of feedback offer some positive effects.
First
of all, direct feedback provided on student’s written work become the
better-known corrective feedback in writing class. Likewise,
Ellis (2009) states direct
feedback is the way to inform students
about correct forms and the the location of the errors. Another group of
scholars, Bitchener et al. (2005) indicate
that direct feedback is the identification and the correction of errors
provided by teachers to students. Direct
corrective feedback receives great attention and has been studied extensively
in order to determine if it is helpful
for students’ writing improvement. Following are some research studies
contributing to the effectiveness of
direct feedback type. Direct corrective feedback can be A helpful and easily method to improve low
proficiency students’ writing skill in a limited time.
Sheen (2007) later concluded that direct corrective
feedback was effective in assisting students to correctly use English articles. Moreover, it helped
promote the students’ analytic skill in using the language. Especially for begginer students, direct feedback is
very useful because it makes use the correct form given by the teacher
immediately. According to Srichanyachon’s (2012), direcft feedback helps foster
students’ long-term acquisition. Futhermore, it can enhance EFL student
especially in learning motivation since they are supported by the teacher who
may be the only creditable source for them. Dirrect feedback also improve
students’ grammar, article and preposotion knowlegde especially in written
form.
The second is
indirect corrective feedback. Lightbown and Spada (1999) argue it as the situation in which a teacher indicates the error
location, but leave students to self-edit the errors. Likewise, Ferris & Robert (2001) state that indirect corrective
feedback is the indication made by a teacher by underlying the errors or giving the codes for the errors. All in all, the purpose of indirect corrective feedback
is just to indicate the location of errors without any information of the correct forms. Students have to
self-correct the errors they have made.
Researchers believe that this type of feedback can help foster students’
long-term language acquisition. Its advantages can be viewed through the findings from the following studies. Hyland and Hyland (2001) indicate that
indirectness of teacher feedback can lead to incomprehension and miscommunication between teachers and
students; therefore, they suggest that it is more effective to use this feedback type with high language
proficiency students. Ferris
and Robert (2001), it was found that indirect feedback assisted students to do self-correction of the treatable
grammatical errors, such as verbs, noun endings and articles. In the late 2000s, Noroozizadeh (2009) concluded that
through indirect feedback, his advanced level students could self-remove focused grammatical errors from their
final draft of writing. This is in line with
the conclusion made by Erlam et al. (2013) which indicates that indirect
feedback enables students
to self-repair their grammatical errors. Eslami (2014) also lends support to
the effectiveness of indirect feedback after proving that it is more
useful to help low-intermediate EFL students self-correct simple past tense errors. It
also promoted the encouraging environment
for writing learning. This type of
feedback is more apropriate and effective used in teaching students in high
language proviciency.
In short, based
on the previous literature, it can be concluded that both teacher direct and
indirect feedback, either in the written
or oral forms are beneficial to the correction of EFL student writers’ grammatical
errors. Which type of feedback
is the most effective depends on various factors, so it remains the responsibility
of writing teachers to figure
out. This review article, to some extent, may help provide the possible
guidelines. In addition to
teacher feedback, another important factor that cannot be overlooked is a good
relationship between teachers
and students. The teacher not
only give corrective feedback, sriticism, and suggestion, but also praise in
order to encourage the students’ motivation. Although the students is made
errors, the teacher should establish the studentd motivation by giving them
praise, so they can improve. With effective techniques and
understanding between teachers and students, it is not far from reach for students to
produce a good piece of writing.
Four Common Advantages Of Using ICT In Teaching-Learning Process
“The use of
thecnology becomes more important in present times because teachers also have
to be able to keep up withe the tecnological knowledge of their student”
(Richard, 2014, p.2). Futhermore, the use of technology
for teaching, learning,
practicing and assessing in foreign language has many advantages. Particularly in the English as a foreign languange (EFL)
context where learners have a few opportunities to practice and assess their
language skill. In that case, information and communication technology (ICT)
has a big role in English Learning Teaching (ELT) in the classroom: enhancing
the interacivity between student and teacher, making the teachig learning
process easier, having no border but very capable of reaching a broad and
global audience, and enhancing the better learning environment.
First of all the
use of ICT in the class room enhances the interactivity. It means the use of
ICT can increase the level of
interaction between teachers and students. Using computer technology can increase
interaction in the classroom and provide
more active role in learning. It
provides
opportunities for a creative and dynamic
EFL teacher to tap into this
positive aspects to increase
challenging activities in
his classroom . It can involve
and empower students, stimulate thought production, and create more instances
of authentic interaction between learners by
using the target language.
Secondly, the use
of ICT makes the teaching-learning process easier to do since it can be done in
everywhere and everytime. For example the use off computer assisted languange
learning (CALL), the use of computer also offer other channels of communication
between class members and distant learners as well as supplemental practice
exercises and tutorial feedback. For example, the use of computer as a
listening tool is claimed to be one of the most important learning tools for
enhancing EFL students for listening skill. It allows students to learn
independently and receive immediately
feedback upon the completion of task (Hoven, 1999)
Chun and Plass
(1996) assert that using audio and visual program in teaching-learning process
helps the student to understand easier. Most f the CALL programs are filled
with picture and voice and when EFL learners visualize the situation so that
student can remember the subject better in the long term. Many studies such as
Nicola (2002) have also reported that CALL programs for vocabulary development
have positive result.
The next is the use
of ICT has no border but, it is very capable of reaching a broad and global
audience. It enables teacher to upgrade the new methods of ELT from other
country. Many ELT resources can be found in internet such as: group discussion,
interacive book reading, sound recording, games etc. The use of ICT also can
make the teacher easier to give the test or assignment by controlling on a
website or aplication such as edmodo. They can prepare their own
online tests, for their students, for the courses being taught by them. It allows the student to have global thinking since
they can communicate with another student from different country. Such as in a blog that allows the student to
ask questions and give comments. The variety of the materials are available to
access both teachers and students. The
use of computer technology and internet encourage EFL learners and open the
opportunities to read widely in foreign languange like English. It can be highly effective for developing
vocabulary through wide reading and mastering structures in the target
language.
The last is the use
of ICT helps EFL learners to promote a constructive class environment. The use
also shifts the learning environment from the traditional “teacher-centered”
which was tedious towards the “learners-centered”. In addition, EFL learners as
passive entity in the pas can move to a student who is active in the search for the
fulfillment of their own needs and to use the language in an autentic
situation(Adam & Burns, 1999 ; and Muir-Herzig, 2004). It can motivate the
students’ ability in order to complete their assignment by them selves.
In summary, The
use of computer technology for teaching, learning, practicing and assessing
foreign language has many advantages. Especially in Indonesia which is as one of the
countries uses Engish as Foreign Language. The commond advantages by the use of
ICT are enhancing the interacivity between student and teacher, making teaching-learning
process easier, having no border but very capable of reaching a broad and
global audience, and enhancing the better learning environment. To make the use
of ICT runs well, the goverment need to support by providing an electronic
networks that allow the implementation of ICT its self.
References
Richards, J. C.
(2014). Foreword. In J. D. D. M. Agudo, (Ed.). English as a foreign language
teacher education:Current perspectives and challenges (pp. 1-3). Amsterdam:
Rodopi.
Adams, S., &
Burns, M. (1999)."Connecting Student, Learning & Technology." Language Learning and Technology Retrieved 28
September, 2012, from
Hoven, D.
(1999). "A model for listening and viewing comprehension in multimedia environments." Language
Learning & Technology, Vol.
3 (1): 88 - 103.
Cunningham, K.
(2000). "Integrating CALL into the writing curriculum." The Internet TESL Journal, 6(5), (Retrieved
from http://iteslj.org/Articles/Cunningham-
CALLWriting ).
Chun, D. (1994)
Using computer networking to facilitate the acquisition of interactive
competence. System,
22, 17–31.
Jumat, 29 April 2016
Rabu, 27 April 2016
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